UK A-Levels Politics Practice Exam

Which theory emphasizes freedom of action for individuals?

1. Socialism

2. Liberalism

3. Individualism

4. Communitarianism

The correct answer is: Individualism

The emphasis on freedom of action for individuals is a principal tenet of Individualism. This theory centers on the belief that individual rights, autonomy, and self-interest are paramount in society. It posits that individuals should have the freedom to pursue their own goals and make choices without undue interference from larger forces, such as government or community norms. In Individualism, the focus is placed on personal responsibility and the idea that individuals are best positioned to determine their own actions and life outcomes. This perspective stands in contrast to collectivist ideologies, which prioritize group goals or societal needs over personal liberties. Liberalism also advocates for individual liberties but does so within a broader political framework that includes limited government intervention and the protection of civil rights. While related, it is slightly different in scope compared to Individualism, which is more focused specifically on personal action. Socialism and Communitarianism, on the other hand, emphasize collective goals and social responsibilities, thereby reducing the priority placed on individual freedoms compared to Individualism. Socialism seeks to address economic inequalities often through stronger governmental control and redistribution policies, while Communitarianism stresses the importance of community values and social cohesion over personal liberties.