UK A-Levels Politics Practice Exam

Which political ideology emphasizes individual freedoms but is wary of complete government control?

1. Social democracy

2. Classical liberalism

3. Neo-liberalism

4. Marxism

The correct answer is: Classical liberalism

The response aligns well with the core tenets of classical liberalism, which fundamentally emphasizes individual freedoms and rights as essential components of society. Classical liberalism champions the idea that individuals should have the liberty to act according to their own will as long as it does not infringe on the rights of others. This ideology also advocates for limited government intervention, promoting the concept that government should primarily focus on maintaining order and protecting individual liberties rather than exerting overwhelming control over personal lives and economic activities. In contrast, social democracy represents a blend of liberal democratic principles with a commitment to social justice and more significant government involvement in areas such as the economy and welfare. Neo-liberalism focuses on free-market capitalism and deregulation but may still endorse some state functions, undermining the idea of complete individual freedom. Marxism, on the other hand, is fundamentally about the collective ownership of means of production and often advocates for a totalitarian state to achieve equality, which starkly contrasts with the individualistic focus of classical liberalism.