UK A-Levels Politics Practice Exam

What is a key principle of liberalism?

1. Complete state control over resources

2. Justice and equality of opportunity

3. A focus on individualism at all costs

4. A rejection of social hierarchies

The correct answer is: Justice and equality of opportunity

Justice and equality of opportunity is a key principle of liberalism because it emphasizes the belief that all individuals should have the same chance to succeed and pursue their own goals, free from discrimination or unjust barriers. This principle aligns with the liberal value of promoting individual rights and freedoms, ensuring that every person has the opportunity to participate fully in society. Liberalism seeks to create a framework in which people can achieve their potential based on their abilities and efforts rather than their background, wealth, or social status. This focus on equitable access reinforces the idea that a just society is one where opportunities are available to all, which is central to liberal thought. Meanwhile, other options reflect different ideological themes or misinterpretations of liberalism. For example, complete state control over resources contradicts the liberal advocacy for limited government intervention in personal and economic matters. A focus on individualism at all costs ignores the importance of community and social responsibilities that are also valued within liberalism. Lastly, while liberalism does advocate for social equality, a complete rejection of social hierarchies may not fully capture the nuanced understanding of how liberal thinkers view social structures and their potential for organic development, as long as they do not infringe on individual rights.